Topic: Working Papers
A Micro-Level Analysis of Recent Increases in Labor Force Participation Among Older Workers
Kevin E. Cahill, Michael D. Giandrea, and Joseph F. Quinn
The Rising Age at Retirement in Industrial Countries
Gary Burtless
The Trajectory of Wealth in Retirement
David A. Love, Michael G. Palumbo, and Paul A. Smith
The Implications of Career Lengths for Social Security
Melissa M. Favreault and C. Eugene Steuerle
The Impact of Late-Career Health and Employment Shocks on Social Security and Other Wealth
Richard W. Johnson, Gordon B.T. Mermin, and Dan Murphy
Do Out-of-Pocket Health Care Costs Delay Retirement?
Richard W. Johnson, Rudolph G. Penner, and Desmond Toohey
How Many Struggle to Get By in Retirement?
Barbara A. Butrica, Dan Murphy, and Sheila R. Zedlewski
How the Income Tax Treatment of Saving and Social Security Benefits May Affect Boomers' Retirement Incomes
Barbara A. Butrica, Karen E. Smith, and Eric Toder
Saving and Wealth Accumulation in the PSID, 1984-2005
Barry P. Bosworth and Sarah Anders
The Effect of Economic Conditions on the Employment of Workers Nearing Retirement Age
Till von Wachter
Older Women's Income and Wealth Packages in Cross-National Perspective
Timothy M. Smeeding, Janet C. Gornick, Eva Sierminska, and Maurice Leach
Health Insurance and the Labor Supply Decisions of Older Workers: Evidence from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
Melissa A. Boyle and Joanna N. Lahey
The Cost of Owning Employer Stocks: Lessons From Taiwan
Yi-Tsung Lee, Yu-Jane Liu, and Ning Zhu
Capital Income Flows and the Relative Well-Being of America's Aged Population
Barry P. Bosworth, Gary Burtless, and Sarah E. Anders
Why Are Companies Freezing Their Pensions?
Alicia H. Munnell and Mauricio Soto
Population Aging, Labor Demand, and the Structure of Wages
Margarita Sapozhnikov and Robert K. Triest
What Makes Retirees Happier: A Gradual or 'Cold Turkey' Retirement?
Esteban Calvo, Kelly Haverstick, and Steven A. Sass
Why Do Married Men Claim Social Security Benefits So Early? Ignorance or Caddishness?
Steven A. Sass, Wei Sun, and Anthony Webb
A New Approach to Raising Social Security's Earliest Eligibility Age
Kelly Haverstick, Margarita Sapozhnikov, Robert Triest, and Natalia Zhivan
The Role of Governance in Retirement Investments: Evidence from Variable Annuities
Richard Evans and Rüdiger Fahlenbrach
Work at Older Ages: Is Raising the Early Retirement Age an Option for Social Security Reform?
John A. Turner
Measurement Error in Earnings Data in the Health and Retirement Study
Jesse Bricker and Gary V. Engelhardt
Literacy, Trust and 401(k) Savings Behavior
Julie R. Agnew, Lisa Szykman, Stephen P. Utkus, and Jean A. Young
Evaluating the Advanced Life Deferred Annuity - An Annuity People Might Actually Buy
Guan Gong and Anthony Webb
The Labor Supply of Older Americans
Alicia H. Munnell and Steven A. Sass
Why Do Japanese Workers Remain in the Labor Force So Long?
John B. Williamson and Masa Higo
The Recent Evolution of Pension Funds in the Netherlands: The Trend to Hybrid DB-DC Plans and Beyond
Eduard H.M. Ponds and Bart van Riel
Demographic Influences on Saving-Investment Balances in Developing and Developed Economies
Ralph C. Bryant
Social Security Spouse and Survivor Benefits for the Modern Family
Melissa M. Favreault and C. Eugene Steuerle
How Economic Security Changes During Retirement
Barbara A. Butrica
International Investment for Retirement Savers: Historical Evidence on Risk and Returns
Gary Burtless
Job Changes at Older Ages: Effects on Wages, Benefits, and Other Job Attributes
Richard W. Johnson and Janette Kawachi
Cross-National Comparison of Income and Wealth Status in Retirement: First Results from the Luxembourg Wealth Study (LWS)
Eva Sierminska, Andrea Brandolini, and Timothy M. Smeeding
Saving and Demographic Change: The Global Dimension
Gary V. Engelhardt and Anil Kumar
The Repeal of the Retirement Earnings Test and the Labor Supply of Older Men
Gary V. Engelhardt and Anil Kumar
Persistence in Labor Supply and the Response to the Social Security Earnings Test
Leora Friedberg and Anthony Webb
Annuitized Wealth and Consumption at Older Ages
Barbara A. Butrica and Gordon B.T. Mermin
Risk and Reward of International Investing for U.S. Retirement Savers: Historical Evidence
Gary Burtless
The Impact of Aggregate Mortality Risk on Defined Benefit Pension Plans
Irena Dushi, Leora Friedberg, and Anthony Webb
Health Care Costs, Taxes, and the Retirement Decision: Conceptual Issues and Illustrative Simulation
Rudolph G. Penner and Richard W. Johnson
Why Do Boomers Plan to Work So Long?
Gordon B.T. Mermin, Richard W. Johnson, and Dan Murphy
Job Tenure and Pension Coverage
Alicia H. Munnell, Kelly Haverstick, and Geoffrey Sanzenbacher
Has the Displacement of Older Workers Increased?
Alicia H. Munnell, Steven Sass, Mauricio Soto, and Natalia Zhivan
No Place Like Home: Older Adults and Their Housing
Timothy Smeeding, Barbara Boyle Torrey, Jonathan Fisher, David S. Johnson, and Joseph Marchand
Effects of Public Policies on the Disposition of Lump-Sum Distributions: Rational and Behavioral Inf
William G. Gale and Michael Dworsky
Pensions, Social Security, Wealth and Lifetime Earnings: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Stu
William G. Gale and John W.R. Phillips
Determinants and Consequences of Bargaining Power in Households
Leora Friedberg and Anthony Webb
Earnings and Women's Retirement Security
Alicia H. Munnell and Natalia Zhivan
Mortality Heterogeneity and The Distributional Consequences of Mandatory Annuitization
Guan Gong and Anthony Webb
Can Heterogeneity of Populations Explain Differences in Mortality?
James W. Vaupel, Roland Rau, Carlo Giovanni Camarda and Kristin G. von Kistowski
Personalized Retirement Advice and Managed Accounts: Who Uses Them and How Does Advice Affect Behavi
Julie Agnew
Working for a Good Retirement
Barbara A. Butrica, Karen E. Smith and C. Eugene Steuerle
The Politics of Parallel Pensions: Lessons from the United Kingdom for the United States
R. Kent Weaver
Cross-National Evidence on the Burden of Age-Related Public Transfers and Health Benefits
Gary Burtless
Population Aging and the Structure of Wages
Robert K. Triest, Steven A. Sass and Margarita Sapozhnikov
Financing Disability Benefits in a System of Individual Accounts: Lessons from International Experie
Patrick Wiese
Long-Term Immigration Projection Methods: Current Practice and How to Improve it
Neil Howe and Richard Jackson
Policies to Promote Labor Force Participation of Older People
Alicia H. Munnell
Private Transfers in a Cross Section of Developing Countries
Donald Cox, Emanuela Galasso and Emmauel Jimenez
Making Maximum Use of Tax-Deferred Retirement Accounts
Janette Kawachi, Karen E. Smith, and Eric J. Toder
When the Nest Egg Cracks: Financial Consequences of Health Problems, Marital Status Changes, and Job
Richard W. Johnson, Gordon B.T. Mermin, and Cori E. Uccello
How Portfolios Evolve After Retirement: The Effect of Health Shocks
Courtney Coile and Kevin Milligan
Demographic Interactions Between North and South and the Implications for North-South Capital Flows
Ralph C. Bryant
The Decline in Household Saving: What Can We Learn from Survey Data?
Barry Bosworth and Lisa Bell
The Retirement Consumption Conundrum: Evidence from a Consumption Survey
Johnathan Fisher, David S. Johnson, Joseph Marchand, Timothy M. Smeeding, and Barbara Boyle Torrey
Life is Cheap: Using Mortality Bonds to Hedge Aggregate Mortality Risk
Leora Friedberg and Anthony Webb
How Much Is the Working-Age Population Saving?
Alicia H. Munnell, Francesca Golub-Sass, and Andrew Varani
Top Ten Myths of Social Security Reform
Jeffrey Brown, Kevin Hassett and Kent Smetters
What Replacement Rates Do Households Actually Experience in Retirement?
Alicia H. Munnell and Mauricio Soto
Bequests, Inheritances and Family Traditions
Donald Cox and Oded Stark
Local Labor Market Conditions and Retirement Behavior
Dan A. Black and Xiaoli Liang
Validation Study of Earnings Data in the SIPP - Do Older Workers Have Larger Measurement Error?
Peter Gottschalk and Minh Huynh
Investment Choice in the Swedish Premium Pension Plan
Mårten Palme, Annika Sundén, and Paul Söderlind
Lashed to the Mast?: The Politics of Notional Defined Contribution Pension Reforms
Sarah M. Brooks and R. Kent Weaver
Understanding Expenditure Patterns in Retirement
Barbara A. Butrica, Joshua H. Goldwyn, and Richard W. Johnson
Changes in the Distribution of Long-Run Earnings and Retirement Incomes- Have Recent Cohorts Fallen
Peter Gottschalk and Minh Huynh
The Age Profile of Income and the Burden of Unfunded Transfers in Four Countries: Evidence from the
Gary Burtless
Projecting Immigration A Survey of the Current State of Practice and Theory
Neil Howe and Richard Jackson
Nonearnings Income Migration in the United States: Anticipating the Geographical Impacts of Baby Boo
Peter B. Nelson
Does Work Pay at Older Ages?
Barbara A. Butrica, Richard W. Johnson, Karen E. Smith, and Eugene Steuerle
Poverty and Income Maintenance in Old Age: A Cross-National View of Low Income Older Women
Timothy M. Smeeding and Susanna Sandstrom
How Does Marriage Affect the Allocation of Assets in Women's Defined Contribution Plans?
Angela C. Lyons and Tansel Yilmazer
How Do Pensions Affect Expected and Actual Retirement Ages?
Alicia H. Munnell, Robert K. Triest, and Natalia A. Jivan
Why Don't Americans Save?
Barry Bosworth
Sliding into Poverty? Cross-National Patterns of Income Source Change and Income Decay in Old Age
James M. Williamson and Timothy M. Smeeding
The Well-Being of Retirees: Evidence Using Subjective Data
Keith A. Bender
The Impact Of Aging On Financial Markets and The Economy: A Survey
Barry P. Bosworth, Ralph C. Bryant, and Gary Burtless
Social Security Personal-Account Participation with Government Matching
Gary V. Engelhardt and Anil Kumar
Providing Guarantees in Social Security
Karen E. Smith, C. Eugene Steuerle, and Pablo Montagnes
Deferring Income in Employer-Sponsored Retirement Plans: The Dynamics of Participant Contributions
Karen E. Smith, Richard W. Johnson, and Leslie A. Muller
Reform Model Two of the President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security: Distributional Outcome
Melissa M. Favreault, Joshua H. Goldwyn, Karen E. Smith, Lawrence H. Thompson, Cori E. Uccello
Employer Matching and 401(k) Saving: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study
Gary V. Engelhardt and Anil Kumar
Motivation for Money and Care that Adult Children Provide for Parents: Evidence from "Point-Blank" S
Donald Cox and Beth J. Soldo
Effects of Stock Market Fluctuations on the Adequacy of Retirement Wealth Accumulation
Eric M. Engen, William G. Gale, and Cori E. Uccello
Asset Allocation and Information Overload: The Influence of Information Display, Asset Choice and In
Julie Agnew and Lisa R. Szykman
Large, Small, International: Equity Portfolio Choices in a Large 401(k) Plan
Julie Agnew and Pierluigi Balduzzi
The Effects of Health Insurance and Self-Insurance on Retirement Behavior
Eric French and John Bailey Jones
Valuing Assets in Retirement Saving Accounts
James M. Poterba
Lifetime Earnings, Social Security Benefits, and the Adequacy of Retirement Wealth Accumulation
Eric M. Engen, William G. Gale, and Cori Uccello
The Effect of Social Security on Divorce and Remarriage Behavior
Stacy Dickert-Conlin and Cristian Meghea
Household Demand for Variable Annuities
Jeffrey R. Brown and James M. Poterba
Lessons for an Aging Society: The Political Sustainability of Social Security Systems
Vincenzo Galasso and Paola Profeta
Choice and Other Determinants of Employee Contributions to Defined Contribution Plans
Leslie E. Papke
Linking Benefits to Marital Status: Race and Diminishing Access to Social Security Spouse and Widow
Madonna Harrington Meyer, Douglas A. Wolf, and Christine L. Himes
Annuitization: Keeping Your Options Open
Irena Dushi and Anthony Webb
Living Arrangements and Supplemental Security Income Receipt Among the Aged
Melissa M. Favreault and Douglas A. Wolf
Interactions Between Social Security Reform and the Supplemental Security Income Program for the Age
Paul S. Davies and Melissa M. Favreault
Supply-Side Consequences of Social Security Reform: Impacts on Saving and Employment
Barry Bosworth and Gary Burtless
Love at What Price? Estimating the Value of Marriage
Michael Conlin, Stacy Dickert-Conlin, and Melissa Koenig
It's All Relative: Understanding the Retirement Prospects of Baby-Boomers
Barbara A. Butrica, Howard M. Iams, and Karen E. Smith
The Notional Defined Contribution Model: An Assessment of the Strengths and Limitations of a New App
John Williamson and Matthew Williams
Simulating the Distributional Consequences of Personal Accounts: Sensitivity to Annuitization Option
Cori E. Uccello, Melissa M. Favreault, Karen E. Smith, and Lawrence H. Thompson
Aggregate Implications of Defined Benefit and Defined Contribution Systems
Francisco Gomes and Alexander Michaelides
Can Unexpected Retirement Explain the Retirement-Consumption Puzzle? Evidence for Subjective Retirem
Melvin Stephens Jr. and Steven J. Haider
Employment, Social Security, and Future Retirement Outcomes for Single Mothers
Richard W. Johnson, Melissa M. Favreault, and Joshua H. Goldwyn
The Outlook for Pension Contributions and Profits in the U.S.
Alicia H. Munnell and Mauricio Soto
Annuities and Individual Welfare
Thomas Davidoff, Jeffrey Brown, and Peter Diamond
Becoming Oldest-Old: Evidence from Historical U.S. Data
Dora L. Costa and Joanna Lahey
The Evolution of Social Security Disabled Widow(er)s' Benefits
Eric R. Kingson, Margaret Morse, and Gary Calhoun
Health Shocks and Couples' Labor Supply Decisions
Courtney Coile
Whose Money Is It Anyhow?: Governance and Social Investment in Collective Investment Funds
R. Kent Weaver
The Politics of Public Pension Reform
R. Kent Weaver
Fiscal Effects of Social Security Reform in the United States
Courtney Coile and Jonathan Gruber
Retirement Incentives and Couples' Retirement Decisions
Courtney Coile
Implications of the Bush Commission Pension Reforms for Married Couples
Barry Bosworth, Gary Burtless and Benjamin Keys
Young Widow(er)s, Social Security, and Marriage
Michael J. Brien, Stacy Dickert-Conlin, and David A. Weaver
The Role of Marital History, Early Retirement Benefits, and the Economic Status of Women
Tay K. McNamara, Regina O'Grady-LeShane, and John B. Williamson
New Zealand: The Supreme Political Football
R. Kent Weaver
Income Maintenance in Old Age: Current Status and Future Prospects for Rich Countries
Timothy Smeeding
Job Search Behavior at the End of the Life Cycle
Hugo Benitez-Silva
Forecasting Incidence of Work Limitations, Disability Insurance Receipt, and Mortality in Dynamic Si
Melissa Favreault
Medicare, Retirement Costs, and Labor Supply at Older Ages
Richard W. Johnson
The Rise in Disability Recipiency and the Decline in Unemployment
David H. Autor and Mark G. Duggan
Disability and Employment: Reevaluating the Evidence in Light of Reporting Errors
Brent Kreider and John V. Pepper
The Effect of Unplanned Changes in Marital and Disability Status: Interrupted Trajectories and Labor
John B. Williamson and Tay K. McNamara
Health Insurance Coverage and the Disability Insurance Application Decision
Jonathan Gruber and Jeffrey Kubik
Projecting Poverty Rates in 2020 for the 62 and Older Population: What Changes Can We Expect and Why
Barbara A. Butrica, Karen Smith, Eric Toder
Pension Reform in the Presence of Financial Market Risk
Barry Bosworth and Gary Burtless
The Senior Income Guarantee (SIG): A New Proposal to Reduce Poverty Among the Elderly
Timothy M. Smeeding and R. Kent Weaver
Income Maintenance in Old Age: What Can be Learned from Cross-National Comparisons
Timothy M. Smeeding (with assistance from James Williamson)
Annuity Markets and Retirement Security
James M. Poterba
Why Some Workers Remain in the Labor Force Beyond the Typical Age of Retirement
John B. Williamson and Tay K. McNamara
Planning for Retirement: The Accuracy of Expected Retirement Dates and the Role of Health Shocks
Debra S. Dwyer
Retirement Wealth and Its Adequacy: Assessing the Impact of Changes in the Age of Eligibility for Full Social Security Benefits
Catherine P. Montalto
The Supplemental Security Income Program and Incentives to Take up Social Security Early Retirement: Empirical Evidence from Matched SIPP and Social Security Administrative Files
Elizabeth T. Powers and David Neumark
Explaining Why So Many People Do Not Save
Annamaria Lusardi
Elderly Labor Supply: Work or Play?
Steven Haider and David Loughran
The Trend in Lifetime Earnings Inequality and Its Impact on the Distribution of Retirement Income
Barry Bosworth, Gary Burtless and Claudia Sahm
Retiring Together or Working Alone: The Impact of Spousal Employment and Disability on Retirement Decisions
Richard W. Johnson and Melissa Favreault
Patterns of Time Use of People Age 55 to 64 Years Old: Some Cross-National Comparisons
Anne H. Gauthier and Timothy M. Smeeding
Who Are the Poor Elderly? An Examination Using Alternative Poverty Measures
David S. Johnson and Timothy M. Smeeding
Self-Employment and Labor Market Transitions at Older Ages
Donald Bruce, Douglas Holtz-Eakin and Joseph Quinn
What Determines 401(k) Participation and Contributions?
Alicia H. Munnell, Annika Sundén and Catherine Taylor
Social Security and Retirement
Courtney Coile and Jonathan Gruber
Social Security Privatization: Lessons From The United Kingdom
John B. Williamson
The Diversity Of Risk Among Age-62 Retired Worker Beneficiaries
Eric R. Kingson and Yvonne Arsenault
Does the Social Security Earnings Test Affect Labor Supply and Benefits Receipt?
Jonathan Gruber and Peter Orszag
Portfolio Choice, Trading, and Returns in a Large 401(k) Plan
Julie Agnew, Pierluigi Balduzzi, and Annika Sundén
401(k) Investment Decisions and Social Security Reform
Cori E. Uccello
The Effects of Social Security Reform on Saving, Investment, and the Level and Distribution of Worker Well-Being
Barry Bosworth and Gary Burtless
The Adequacy of Household Saving
Eric M. Engen, William G. Gale, and Cori E. Uccello
Social Security Reform: Improving Benefit Adequacy and Economic Security for Women
Timothy M. Smeeding
Social Security Reform: Implications for Women
John B. Williamson and Sara E. Rix
Lifetime Earnings Patterns, the Distribution of Future Social Security Benefits, and the Impact of Pension Reform
Barry Bosworth, Gary Burtless, and Eugene Steurele
Interim Report on the Impact of Increasing Earnings Inequality on Retirement Decisions and the Distribution of Social Security Benefits
Peter Gottschalk and Minh Huynh
Privatizing Public Pension Systems: Lessons for the United States from Latin America
John B. Williamson
Social Security Investment In Equities I: Linear Case
Peter Diamond and John Geanakoplos
Investment Practices of State and Local Pension Funds: Implications for Social Security Reform
Alicia H. Munnell and Annika Sundén with the assistance of Cynthia Perry and Ryan Kling