Archive: Gary Richardson

Ordinary Lives: Insurance and Savings in America, 1861 to 1941

Working Paper by Vellore Arthi, Gary Richardson, and Mark Van Orden

January 15, 2025

This paper uses archival insurance industry data from the period 1861 to 1941 to shed light on ordinary life insurance, which was the primary old-age savings mechanism of American households in the era before Social Security…

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