Squared Away Blog

Researchers will present studies funded by the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) that meet the agency’s goal of understanding and addressing the racial disparities in the economy and in federal benefit policies. The studies will be presented over Zoom by researchers from around the country. There is no charge for attending the Aug. 3 and 4 event but registration is required. The full agenda for the meeting is posted online. The gap between Black and Hispanic Americans’ wealth levels and White wealth is well documented. But one study to be presented examines a specific aspect of the racial wealth gap: differences in the use of the tax deductions workers receive for putting money into an employer 401(k). White workers, for example,…

This was 2022 in a nutshell: more people are saving for retirement but they’re not saving nearly enough. Every year, Vanguard releases its report on the state of the nation’s habits around saving for retirement. Participation among workers with access to 401(k) plans has jumped over the past five years from 72 percent to 83 percent in 2022, according to the newest report on the 401(k) plans in Vanguard’s large client base. Some credit goes to the growing popularity among employers of automatically enrolling workers in their plans. Under this corporate policy, employee participation in 401(k)-style plans is 93 percent, versus just 70 percent when they don’t get that nudge and are left on their own to decide whether to…

The chronic medical conditions and musculoskeletal problems that afflict workers of all ages have far-reaching effects on the labor market and the federal disability program that economists are trying to understand. The following three studies focus in on specific aspects of the workers who apply for disability benefits. “Workplace Injuries and Receipt of Benefits from Workers Compensation and SSDI”: In most states, Social Security disability benefits are supposed to be reduced if the benefits, when added to private workers’ compensation payments, exceed 80 percent of the injured worker’s current earnings. The researchers, by combining Social Security data with workers’ comp payments for people with permanent workplace injuries, find that the share of Social Security recipients whose monthly payments are being…

Today’s retirees typically spend about a third less on medical care than retirees did back in 2004, according to new research. Workers who are over 55 but not yet eligible for Medicare are spending somewhat less too. Two policies have reversed the trend of years of rising costs: the introduction of Medicare’s Part D prescription drug coverage and the Affordable Care Act (ACA), which expanded Medicaid to more low-income workers and made private insurance somewhat more affordable for the people who don’t have coverage through their jobs. But behind the 20-year decline in healthcare spending, adjusted for inflation, is another fact of life: healthcare costs increase as people age, and some people are luckier than others. Consider older workers and…

Seven states now require employers that don’t have retirement plans to automatically enroll their workers in an IRA, and others have passed legislation to create similar programs. The goal is to get more people to save for retirement at a time financial security in old age increasingly depends on it. Pensions are rapidly disappearing. But only about half of working people are currently saving enough to maintain their standard of living when they retire. A major culprit in the savings shortfall is that workers do not consistently have access to a retirement plan through their jobs. The share of workers with employer plans has barely budged in decades. Information about how employers might react to the state IRA mandates is…

In 1990, Congress granted people with disabilities the same federal protections against employment discrimination that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 had provided on the basis of sex and race. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) also added a second level of support: employers must find ways to help the disabled perform their jobs. This was watershed legislation that has made life easier for millions of workers by requiring employers to provide assistive devices or otherwise accommodate their disabilities. The law is also the basis of a growing number of federal lawsuits against employers to provide remedies if they’ve been discriminated against. But research that first started appearing right after the ADA passed has shown that employers cut back on…

The staff here at the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College who write and produce this blog send our wishes for a festive July 4th and safe travels for people driving long distances to reconnect with family.  Squared Away writer Kim Blanton invites you to follow us on Twitter @SquaredAwayBC. To stay current on our blog, please join our free email list. You’ll receive just one email each week – with links to the two new posts for that week – when you sign up here. This blog is supported by the Center for Retirement Research at Boston Colleg…

The notion in policy circles that governments should provide in-kind benefits, rather than cash, is often framed as being impractical or even unfair. The proponents of cash payments argue that people should be able to choose how they spend their money. A new paper presents the opposite side: Sometimes people are better off with in-kind benefits. The in-kind benefit in this study is food stamps, and the researchers detected increases in food insecurity when state governments decided to provide cash assistance instead of food stamps. The motivation for this study is the 1974 introduction of the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, which paid cash directly to the low-income elderly and to people with disabilities. When Congress passed SSI, the federa…

The impact of retiring on mental health is very hazy. So many considerations factor into whether people retire that it’s difficult to predict how it will go. Some are uplifted by finally getting out from under a bad situation while others gets depressed because they’ve lost their purpose or important social connections. Reactions to being retired depend on, among other things, the person’s health, whether the job is fulfilling or physically very strenuous, and whether they’ve planned for how to fill the days. So it seems important to figure out why some people thrive in retirement while others become depressed. Financial considerations are, of course, central to the timing. But money aside, my own experience watching 60-something friends tells m…

For people with disabilities that restrict their mobility, going out into the world is a harrowing, anxiety-producing experience. What if a subway stop with the icon denoting wheelchair accessibility doesn’t have the one thing essential to taking public transportation – an elevator? Will the sidewalk curb have a cut that allows an elderly person with a walker to get from the car into the building? Are there a couple steps up into the foyer? Restaurants are equipped with all sorts of obstacles too. Room to maneuver around the tables? Will my wheelchair arms fit under the table? Did the designer of the bathroom ramp and oversized stall fail to install grab bars? And what if I drink a lot of…

Americans’ retirement outlook doesn’t change all that much: one standard measurement consistently shows that roughly half of working-age households may not be able to afford their current lifestyle after retiring. But do they even understand what condition their retirement finances are in? This is a critical question because perceptions can affect how much people will save for the future.   The good news is that about 60 percent of working-age couples and single people are getting it right, the Center for Retirement Research finds. In other words, they predict, accurately, that they’re in trouble or that they’re in pretty good shape. But that leaves significant numbers who are either over- or underestimating how much money they will need to retir…

The historic discrimination that has limited the ability of older Black Americans to accumulate wealth has been present in every aspect of the housing market. They have paid a steep price. By the time they reached their mid-50s, they had $90,000 in home equity – or about $57,000 less than White homeowners – according to a new study of people who purchased houses between 1980 and 2000. The barriers to building up housing wealth started early for the Black homeowners. As young workers, they tended to earn less, and their parents usually had fewer resources to contribute to a down payment, a crucial factor in what they were able to buy. They also faced mortgage discrimination, and when they did…