Urban Institute

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A research nonprofit focused on elevating the debate around social and economic policy.

Publications

Native American family sitting around a table

Lack of Broadband Impedes Native American Access to Aid

Squared Away Blog by

April 18, 2024
Photo of a Social Security office

Shrinking Social Security’s Racial Gap – but Only a Little

Squared Away Blog by

March 7, 2024
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Estimating Disparities Using Structural Equation Models

Working Paper by and

January 26, 2024
Navajo Woman Looking Down Outdoors in Bright Sun

Understanding the Characteristics and Needs of Tribal Community Members for Social Security Delivery

Working Paper by , , and

December 20, 2023
Group of Senior Friends Chatting at Home Together

How Can Changes to Social Security Improve Benefits for Black and Hispanic Beneficiaries?

Working Paper by and

December 8, 2023
Worker icons on different colored blocks

The Impact of High-Pressure Labor Markets on Retirement Security

Working Paper by and

December 1, 2023
Car Factory Office: Manager Talks with Senior Engineer, Use Tablet Computer to Design Production Conveyor for Advanced Power Engines. Automated Robot Arm Assembly Line Manufacturing Vehicles

Work’s Getting Easier for Most Older Workers

Squared Away Blog by

April 13, 2023
Broadband tower in a field

Broadband in High Disability Areas is Subpar

Squared Away Blog by

February 23, 2023
Senior man working at laptop at home

Health, Disability, and the Evolving Nature of Work

Working Paper by and

December 14, 2022
Cheerful senior man at home looking at his mail

Technology and Disability: The Relationship Between Broadband Access and Disability Insurance Awards

Working Paper by and

October 24, 2022
Social Security Card: Senior woman holding card in hand on white background

Understanding the Local-Level Predictors of Disability Program Flows: New Adult Awards and Beneficiary Work Activity

Working Paper by , , , and

December 7, 2021
Aged,Man,Working,In,An,Industrial,Factory

Is Demand for Older Workers Adjusting to an Aging Labor Force?

Working Paper by and

November 9, 2021
Senior couple and tecnologies

How Does Debt Shape Health Outcomes for Older Americans?

Working Paper by and

November 8, 2021
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The Relationship Between Disability Insurance Receipt and Food Insecurity

Working Paper by , , and

November 1, 2021
Social Security Card: Senior woman holding card in hand on white background

The Effect of Early Claiming Benefit Reduction on Retirement Rates

Working Paper by and

January 4, 2021
Small Business Owner in a Shop

Do People Work Longer When They Live Longer?

Working Paper by , , and

December 7, 2020
Social Security sign in a garden

How Might Earnings Patterns and Interactions among Certain Provisions in OASDI Solvency Packages Affect Financing and Distributional Goals?

Working Paper by

March 15, 2018
Stethoscope with medicare form with parts list.

Distributional Effects of Alternative Strategies for Financing Long-Term Services and Supports and Assisting Family Caregivers

Working Paper by and

March 14, 2018
Senior man calculating finances

Retirement Prospects for the Millennials: What is the Early Prognosis?

Working Paper by , , , and

November 27, 2017
elderly man inserting credit card to ATM

Homeownership, Social Insurance, and Old-Age Security in the United States and Europe

Working Paper by and

October 5, 2017
Portrait Of Male Florist Outside Shop

The Long-Term Impact of Disability, Employment, and Marital Status Shocks: Evidence from Matched Administrative Data

Working Paper by and

December 21, 2016
Senior woman doing finances at home

The Relationship Between Automatic Enrollment and DC Plan Contributions: Evidence from a National Survey of Older Workers

Working Paper by and

July 2, 2015
Senior man working at laptop at home

Adding Employer Contributions to Health Insurance to Social Security’s Earnings and Tax Base

Working Paper by and

April 23, 2014
asian chinese senior male barista teaching his daughter making coffee at cafe bar counter

The Great Recession and the Retirement Decisions of Older Workers

Working Paper by and

December 29, 2013
June,1,,2019,,Brazil.,In,This,Photo,Illustration,The,Social

Does Household Debt Influence the Labor Supply and Benefit Claiming Decisions of Older Americans?

Working Paper by and

December 12, 2013
June,1,,2019,,Brazil.,In,This,Photo,Illustration,The,Social

Validating Longitudinal Earnings in Dynamic Microsimulation Models: The Role of Outliers

Working Paper by and

September 3, 2013
Mature man is hired to handle outreach to senior adults

Automatic Enrollment, Employee Compensation, and Retirement Security

Working Paper by and

November 19, 2012
Senior couple and tecnologies

401(k) Participant Behavior in a Volatile Economy

Working Paper by and

November 5, 2012
social_security_5

Measuring Social Security Proposals by More than Solvency: Impacts on Poverty, Progressivity, Horizontal Equity, and Work Incentives

Working Paper by and

May 11, 2012
June,1,,2019,,Brazil.,In,This,Photo,Illustration,The,Social

Social Security Claiming: Trends and Business Cycle Effects

Working Paper by and

February 13, 2012
Mature man is hired to handle outreach to senior adults

The Changing Causes and Consequences of Not Working Before Age 62

Working Paper by and

February 1, 2012
Their finances are in the green

The Impact of Temporary Assistance Programs on Disability Rolls and Re-Employment

Working Paper by and

January 20, 2012
Mature man is hired to handle outreach to senior adults

Do Low-Income Workers Benefit from 401(k) Plans?

Working Paper by and

September 3, 2011
Senior man calculating finances

The Potential Impact of the Great Recession on Future Retirement Incomes

Working Paper by , , and

May 11, 2011
June,1,,2019,,Brazil.,In,This,Photo,Illustration,The,Social

Immigrant Diversity and Social Security: Recent Patterns and Future Prospects

Working Paper by and

May 10, 2011
African woman showing her dish

Age Differences in Job Displacement, Job Search, and Reemployment

Working Paper by and

January 6, 2011
Aged,Man,Working,In,An,Industrial,Factory

Work and Retirement Patterns for the G.I. Generation, Silent Generation, and Early Boomers: Thirty Years of Change

Working Paper by , , and

July 2, 2010
Senior couple and tecnologies

Will Automatic Enrollment Reduce Employer Contributions to 401(k) Plans?

Working Paper by and

December 25, 2009
Senior man calculating finances

How Seniors Change Their Asset Holdings During Retirement

Working Paper by , , and

December 9, 2009
Mature man is hired to handle outreach to senior adults

Retirement Security and the Stock Market Crash: What Are the Possible Outcomes?

Working Paper by , , and

November 29, 2009
June,1,,2019,,Brazil.,In,This,Photo,Illustration,The,Social

Work Ability and the Social Insurance Safety Net in the Years Prior to Retirement

Working Paper by , , and

November 22, 2009
elderly man inserting credit card to ATM

Fees and Trading Costs of Equity Mutual Funds in 401(k) Plans and Potential Savings from ETFs and Commingled Trusts

Working Paper by , , and

November 19, 2009
Smiling woman eating green apple.

Do Health Problems Reduce Consumption at Older Ages?

Working Paper by , , and

February 26, 2009
Cheerful senior man at home looking at his mail

Financial Hardship Before and After Social Security’s Early Eligibility Age

Working Paper by and

February 23, 2009
Social Security Card: Senior woman holding card in hand on white background

Rising Tides and Retirement: The Aggregate and Distributional Effects of Differential Wage Growth on Social Security

Working Paper by

February 20, 2009
Senior couple and tecnologies

The Disappearing Defined Benefit Pension and its Potential Impact on the Retirement Incomes of Boomers

Working Paper by , , , and

January 15, 2009
A glass jar full of coins and plant growing through it with some coins and plant leaves.

The Impact of Changing Earnings Volatility on Retirement Wealth

Working Paper by and

November 21, 2008
Social Security sign in a garden

The Implications of Career Lengths for Social Security

Working Paper by and

February 18, 2008
listening counsellor

Do Out-of-Pocket Health Care Costs Delay Retirement?

Working Paper by , , and

February 15, 2008
Social Security Card: Senior woman holding card in hand on white background

How the Income Tax Treatment of Saving and Social Security Benefits May Affect Boomers’ Retirement Incomes

Working Paper by , , and

February 11, 2008
Senior man calculating finances

How Many Struggle to Get By in Retirement?

Working Paper by , , and

February 1, 2008
Senior woman grocery shopping

The Impact of Late-Career Health and Employment Shocks on Social Security and Other Wealth

Working Paper by , , and

December 30, 2007
Social Security sign in a garden

Social Security Spouse and Survivor Benefits for the Modern Family

Working Paper by and

February 28, 2007
Senior couple and tecnologies

How Economic Security Changes During Retirement

Working Paper by

February 26, 2007
Navajo man sitting on the bed of his pick-up truck in Monument Valley

Job Changes at Older Ages: Effects on Wages, Benefits, and Other Job Attributes

Working Paper by and

February 19, 2007
Senior man calculating finances

Annuitized Wealth and Consumption at Older Ages

Working Paper by and

December 15, 2006
Senior Healthcare Assistance in a Home

Health Care Costs, Taxes, and the Retirement Decision: Conceptual Issues and Illustrative Simulation

Working Paper by and

November 8, 2006
Aged,Man,Working,In,An,Industrial,Factory

Why Do Boomers Plan to Work So Long?

Working Paper by , , and

November 1, 2006
African American businesswoman raising hand, asking question in business conference

Working for a Good Retirement

Working Paper by , , and

March 1, 2006
social_security_5

Long-Term Immigration Projection Methods: Current Practice and How to Improve it

Working Paper by and

February 5, 2006
Senior Healthcare Assistance in a Home

When the Nest Egg Cracks: Financial Consequences of Health Problems, Marital Status Changes, and Job Layoffs at Older Ages

Working Paper by , , and

December 28, 2005
Senior couple and tecnologies

Understanding Expenditure Patterns in Retirement

Working Paper by , , and

January 5, 2005
social_security_5

Projecting Immigration A Survey of the Current State of Practice and Theory

Working Paper by and

December 1, 2004
Navajo man sitting on the bed of his pick-up truck in Monument Valley

Does Work Pay at Older Ages?

Working Paper by , , , and

November 30, 2004
Cheerful senior man at home looking at his mail

Providing Guarantees in Social Security

Working Paper by , , and

August 29, 2004
June,1,,2019,,Brazil.,In,This,Photo,Illustration,The,Social

Reform Model Two of the President’s Commission to Strengthen Social Security: Distributional Outcome

Working Paper by , , , , , and

August 1, 2004
Working together on their budget

Deferring Income in Employer-Sponsored Retirement Plans: The Dynamics of Participant Contributions

Working Paper by , , and

August 1, 2004
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Interactions Between Social Security Reform and the Supplemental Security Income Program for the Age

Working Paper by and

February 1, 2004
Senior man calculating finances

Living Arrangements and Supplemental Security Income Receipt Among the Aged

Working Paper by and

February 1, 2004
A glass jar full of coins and plant growing through it with some coins and plant leaves.

It’s All Relative: Understanding the Retirement Prospects of Baby-Boomers

Working Paper by , , and

November 1, 2003
Social Security sign in a garden

Simulating the Distributional Consequences of Personal Accounts: Sensitivity to Annuitization Option

Working Paper by , , , and

October 1, 2003
Social Security Card: Senior woman holding card in hand on white background

Employment, Social Security, and Future Retirement Outcomes for Single Mothers

Working Paper by , , and

July 1, 2003
Senior man working at laptop at home

Forecasting Incidence of Work Limitations, Disability Insurance Receipt, and Mortality in Dynamic Simulation Models Using Social Security Administrative Records: A Research Note

Working Paper by

December 9, 2002
Navajo man sitting on the bed of his pick-up truck in Monument Valley

Medicare, Retirement Costs, and Labor Supply at Older Ages

Working Paper by

December 1, 2002
Their finances are in the green

Projecting Poverty Rates in 2020 for the 62 and Older Population: What Changes Can We Expect and Why

Working Paper by , , and

September 1, 2002
Mature woman working in a factory / warehouse

Retiring Together or Working Alone: The Impact of Spousal Employment and Disability on Retirement Decisions

Working Paper by and

March 1, 2001
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